Ekadasa Samagraha Sloka [11 aspect of Dance] as per Natyashastra

In Chapter 6 ( Sentiments ) Bharata explains about   Samgraha or the essence ofNatyashastrawhich can be summed up into 11 categories. Each of these has been described thoroughly later. SamgrahaSlokamihas it’s own importance and needs clear understanding. Each of these are explained in details [link given] 

Slokam

Rasa bhava hyabhinayadharmivrttipravrttayah |                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        Siddhisvarastathatodyamganamrangascasamgraha ||

NatyashastraSamgraha
No.	Sanskrit Word	Meaning
1	Rasa	Sentiments
2	Bhava	Psychological State
3	Abhinaya	Historical Representation
4	Dharmi	Practices
5	Pravrtti	Local Usage
6	Vrtti	Style
7	Siddhi	Success
8	Svara	Notes
9	Atodya	Instrumental Music
10	Dhruva	Song
11	Ranga	Stage

 

                                                                                                 

1.       Rasa : Bharata talks about 8 Rasa.  Rasa is an essential aspect in any art

form and the realisation of Rasa is  a result of the integration of Stimulus (Vibhava), Involuntary reaction ( Anubhava) and transitory psycologicalstates  (Bhava).

Slokam :

Sringarahasyakarunaraudravirabhayanakah |                                              bibhatSabhutasamjnaucetyastaunatyerasahsmrtah ||

Rasa
No.	Rasa	Meaning
1.	Sringar	Erotic
2.	Hasya	Comic
3.	Karunya	Compassion
4.	Raudra	Anger
5.	Veera	Valour
6.	Bhyankara	Terrible
7.	Bibhatsya	Odious
8.	Adbhutam	Surprise/Marvellous

 

2.       Bhava : There are two types of Bhava a) Sthayibhava or Dormant emotion (Durable Psychological state) and Vyabhicaribhava ( Complementary Psycological state).  Vyabhicaribhava are the light, fleeting emotions that appear and disappear in quick succession and serve to strengthen the sthayi bhava or the permanent emotion. Bharata further explains the 8 sattvik bhava (which originates in the mind and also depends on the nature of the human).

 

 

Slokam:

Ratirhassascasokascakrodhotsahaubhauamtatha |                                                                                                       jugupsavismayaascetisthayibhavaprakirtitah ||                

 

Sthayibhava (Durable Psychological state)
No.	Bhava	Meaning
1.	Rati	Love
2.	Hasya	Mirth
3.	soka	Sorrow
4.	Krodha	Anger
5.	utsaaha	Energy/Courgae
6.	Bhayam	Aversion/ Terror
7.	Jugupsa	Disgust
8.	Vismaya	Ahtonishment/ Wonder

 

Slokam:

nirvedaganisankakhyastathasuyamadasramah |                                                                                                       alasyamcaivasainyam ca cinta mohahsmritairdhrtih ||                                                                                    Vridacapalataharsaavegojadatatatha |                                                                                                               garvovisada autsukyam nirdrapasmara eve ca ||                                                                                       suptamprabodhomarsascapyavahitthamathograta |                                       matrirvyadhirathonmadastathamaranameva ca ||                                                                            trasascaivavitarkascavijneyavyabhicarinah |                                                                        trayastrimsadamibhavahsamkhyatastunamatah ||         

Vyabhicaribhava ( Complementary Psycological state)
No.	Bhava	Meaning
1.	Nirveda	Discouragement
2.	Glani	Weakness
3.	Sanka	Apprehension
4.	Asuya	Envy
5.	Mada	Intoxication
6.	Srama	Weariness
7.	Alasys	Indolence
8.	Dainya	Depression
9.	Cinta	Anxiety
10.	Moha	Distraction
11.	Smriti	Recollection
12.	Dhriti	Contentment
13.	Vrida	Shame
14.	Capala	Inconstancy
15.	Harsha	Joy
16.	Avego	Agitation
17.	Jadata	Stupor
18.	Garva	Arrogance
19.	Visada	Despair
20.	Autsukya	Impatience
21.	Nidra	Sleep
22.	Apasmara	Epilepsy
23.	Supta	Dreaming
24.	Prabodha	Awakening
25.	Amarsa	Indignation
26.	Avahitta	Dissimulation
27.	Augrya/ Ugrata	Cruelty
28.	Mati	Assurance
29.	Vyadhi	Sickness
30.	Unmade	Insanity
31.	Marana	Death
32.	Trasa	Fright
33.	Tarka	Deliberation

Slokam:

Stambhahedotharomancahsvarasadothavepathuh |                                                      vaivarnyamasrupralayaItyastau sattvikah smrtah ||

Sattvikbhava (Durable Psychological state)
No.	Bhava	Meaning
1.	Stambha	Paralysis
2.	Sveda	Perspiration
3	Romancha	Horripilation
4.	Vaisvarya	Change of Voice
5	Vepathu	Trembling
6	Vaivarnya	Change of Colour
7	Asru	Weeping
8	Pralaya	Fainting

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

3.       Abhinaya :  Bharata talks about 4 types of Abhinaya. Angik (Body), Vachik (Speech), Aharya (Ornaments & Stage Décor) and Satvik (Inner).

 

Slokam:

Angikovachikaschaivaaharyahsattvikastatha  |            Catvarobhiayahyetevijneyanatyasamsrayah ||

 

4.       Dharmi : Practice of Representation in a dramatic performance can be divided into two types  namely – LokaDharmi(Popular) and NatyaDharmi (Theatrical).

 

Slokam:

LokadharmiNatya dharma dharmititudvividhahsmrtah|                                                                                                        bharatisattvaticaivakaisikyarabhartitatha||

 

5.       Vrtti :   Vrtti means “information”.  It can also be narrowed down to style. There are 4 Styles that are mentioned by Bharata. Bharata tells that he prepared for the performance (Prayoga) with the first 3 vrttis and went to Bhrama. The Lord then asked him to include the last vritti. Bharata requested Bhrama to grant him the instruments necessary to put the gracefull movements which requires beautiful dresses and is endowed with gentle Angaharas and has Rasa (sentiments ) ,Bhava (state)and action as its soul in the performances.   Then Lord Bhrama from his mind created the nymphs who were skill full in embellishing the drama.

Vrtti
No.	Name	Meaning
1	Bharati	Verbal
2	Sattvati	Grand
3	Arabhati	Energetic
4	Kaisiki	Graceful

 

6.       Pravrtti : The word “Pra” can be referred as “ Pradesha” which means zones.  So why is knowing the pravrtti so important. Bharata mentions that it “gives us proper information regarding costumes, languages and manner I n different countries. Bharata further adds that  there are many countries so how can all be divided. He has identified some common characteristics to categories Pravrtti into 4 main parts but as people have different native countries, costumes, language and manners, there may be distinctive difference.

 

Pravrtti
No.	Name	Countries
1	Avanti	Avanti, Vidisa, Saurastra, Malava, Sindhu, Sauvira, Anarta, Arudeya, Dasarna Tripura and Mrttikavat
2	Daksinatya	Countries adjacent to mountains named Mahendra, Malaya, Sahya, Mekala and Kalapanjara like Kosala, Tosala, Kalinga, Mosala, Dramida, ANDHRA, Mahavainna and Vanavasika (which lies between the southern ocean and Vindhyas)
3	Pancali (Panchalamadhyama)	Surasena, Kasmira, Hastinapura, Valhika, Salvaka, Madra, Usinara ( himalayan or north of ganges)
4	Odra Magadhi	Eastern countries like Anga, Vanga, Utkalinga, Vatsa, Odra Magadha, Punndra, Nepala, ANTARGIRI, Bahirgiri, Pravanga, Mahendra, Malada, Pulinda, VidehaTamralipta, Pranga

 

Slokam (for Siddhi and Pravrtti)

CatasrovrttayohyetayasuNatyampratisthitam|                                                                                                        Avanti dakshinatya ca tathacaivodramagadhi||Panchalimadhyamacaivajneyanatyapravrttayah |Daivikimanusicaivasiddhihsyadvividhaiva ca||

 

7.       Siddhi : Success of a performance has been given a lot of importance. It is believed that siddhi can be categorised into 2 parts.ManushikPhala and DeivikPhala. Later ( in chapter 27 – Success in Dramatic Production) authors have added it’s categorisation and explained in details.

·         MANUSHIK PHALA

·         DEIVIK PHALA

 

Siddhi
No	Name	Meaning
1	ManushikPhala	Human achievements Like Claps, Awards, Praise
2	DeivikPhala	Divine Achievements like Spiritual happiness, Fulfilment. Unseen fruit that may be carried forward later or even in the next birth (AdrishaPhala)

                                               

8.       Svara : There are 7 notes that is mentioned in NS.Details are given below in tabular formate.

 

Slokam:

Sariravainavascaivasaptasadjadayahsvarah |                                                                                                        tatamcaivavanaddham ca ghanam susirameva ca||Caturvidham ca vijjneyamatodyamlaksananvitam |                                                                                                      tatamtantrigatamjneyamavanaddhamtupauskaram ||Dhanastutalovijneyahsusirovamsaeva ca ||

 

SaptaSvara
No	Svara	Musical Notes	Derived from Animal/Bird Cry	Chakra	Colour	Graha/ Planet
1	Sadaja	Sa	Peacock	Muladhara	Green	Mercury/ Budh
2	Rsabha	Ri	Bull	Svadhisthana	Red	Mars/ Mangal
3	Gandhara	Ga	Goat	Manipura	Golden	Sun/ Surya
4	Madhyama	Ma	Heron	Anahata	White	Moon / Chandra
5	Pancama	Pa	Cuckoo	Vishuddhi	Black/ Blue	Saturn/Shani
6	Dhaivata	Dha	Horse	Ajna	Yellow	Jupiter/ Vrihaspati
7	Nisada	Ni	Elephant	Sahasrara	Multicolour	Venus/ Sukra

 

 

9.       Atodya : Instrumental Music  are integral part of any dance or Drama. Types of instruments that are mentioned by Bharata are described below

 

Slokam (Svara and Atoya)

Sariravainavascaivasaptasadjadayahsvarah |                                                                                                      Tatamcaivavananaddham ca ghanamsusirameva ca |                                                                                        caturvidhmtuvijneyamatodyamlaksananvitam ||tatamtantrigatamjneyamavanaddhamtupauskaram ||                                                                                 dhanastutalovijneyahsusirovamsaeva ca ||

Types of instruments ( Natyashastra )
No	Types of Instruments	Name
1.	Tata (Stringed)	Veena, Guitar, Sitar
2.	Avanaddha (Covered)	Tabla, Mridangam
3.	Ghana (Solid)	Nattuvangam (Cymbal)
4.	Susira (Hollow)	Flute

 

10.   Dhruva :Bharata mentions that there are 5 types of songs related to Dhruva and

 

Types of Dhruva (songs)
No	Name	Meaning
1.	Pravesa	Entering
2.	Apeksha	Casual
3.	Niskrama	Going Out
4.	Prasadika	Pleasing
5.	Antara	Intermediate

 

Slokam (Dhruva and Ranga)

Praveshaksepanisamaprasadikamathantaram ||ganampanchavidhamjneyamdhruvayogasamanvitam|                                                                    caturasrovikrstascarangastryuasrascakirtitah ||

 

 

11.   Ranga : Bharata mentions that there are  types of stage that can be used for  a play.

 

Types of Ranga
No	Name	Meaning
1.	Vikrsta	Oblong
2.	Chaturasra	Square
3.	Tryasra	Triangular